The competent authorities may not deny a visa to enter Italy for family reunification to a non-EU country national who is a child entrusted to an Italian citizen by means of a decision on kafalah pronounced by a foreign court. Legally speaking, kafalah and adoption differ for many aspects; however, in both cases the rationale is to ensure childrens’ protection. The “best interest of the child” must prevail also when applying Italian immigration law, as is required by the pertinent treaties and the Italian Constitution.